Tukanga Tangohanga Barium

(1) Te whakarite i te waikura barium 

Me matua kowhiri-a-ringa, ka rewa, katahi ka tangohia te rino me te silicon kia whiwhi ai i te kakano nui ake i te 96% te barium sulfate. Ko te paura oka me te rahi o te matūriki iti iho i te 20 mata ka konatunatua ki te waro, ki te petroleum coke paura ranei i roto i te tauwehenga taumaha o te 4:1, ka tunua ki te 1100 ℃ i roto i te oumu reverberatory. Ka whakahekehia te barium sulfide ki te barium sulfide (e mohiotia ana ko "pango pungarehu"), ka rehia te otinga barium sulfide ki te wai wera. Hei huri i te barium sulfide ki te barium carbonate precipitation, me tapiri te konutai waro waro ki te wairewa wai barium sulfide. Ka taea te whiwhi i te waikura barium ma te whakaranu i te waro waro ki te paura waro me te whakamatao ki runga ake i te 800 ℃. Me tohu ko te waikura barium ka oxidized ki te hanga i te barium peroxide i te 500-700 ℃, a ka taea te whakakore i te barium peroxide ki te hanga i te barium oxide i te 700-800 ℃. No reira, hei karo i te hanga o te barium peroxide, me whakamatao, me tineia ranei te hua kawa i raro i te maru o te hau inert. 

(2) Ko te tikanga whakaheke Aluminothermic hei whakaputa i te barium whakarewa 

Na nga kai rereke, e rua nga tauhohenga o te konumohe whakaheke i te waikura barium:

6BaO+2Al→3BaO•Al2O3+3Ba↑

Ranei: 4BaO+2Al→BaO•Al2O3+3Ba↑

I te 1000-1200 ℃, ko enei tauhohenga e rua ka whakaputa i te barium iti rawa, no reira ka hiahiatia he papu korehau ki te whakawhiti tonu i te kohu o te barium mai i te rohe tauhohenga ki te rohe condensation kia haere tonu ai te tauhohenga ki te taha matau. Ko te toenga i muri i te tauhohenga he paitini, me mahi i mua i te rukea.

Te takahanga o nga pūhui barium noa 

(1) Te tikanga whakarite o te barium carbonate 

① Tikanga waro

Ko te tikanga whakangao ka uru ki te ranu barite me te waro ki tetahi ohanga, kuru ki roto i te oumu hurihuri me te calcining me te whakaheke i te 1100-1200 ℃ kia whiwhi ai i te rewa barium sulfide. Ka whakaurua te waro hauhaha ki roto i te wairewa barium sulfide mo te waro, ka penei te tauhohenga:

BaS+CO2+H2O=BaCO3+H2S

Ko te slurry barium warowaihā kua riro mai ka whakakorehia, ka horoia, ka tātarihia te korehau, ka whakamarokehia, ka tukitukia ki te 300 ℃ kia whiwhi ai i te hua warowaiwa barium kua oti. Ko tenei tikanga he ngawari ki te mahi me te iti o te utu, na te nuinga o nga kaihanga.

② Tikanga pirau rua

Ko te Barium sulfide me te haukinia warokawa ka pa ki te tauhohenga pirau rua, ka penei te tauhohenga:

BaS+(NH4)2CO3=BaCO3+(NH4)2S

Ka tauhohe te barium chloride ki te pāhare pāporo warowaihā, ā, ko te tauhohenga e whai ake nei:

BaCl2+K2CO3=BaCO3+2KCl

Ko te hua ka puta mai i te tauhohenga ka horoia, ka tātarihia, ka whakamarokehia, me etahi atu kia whiwhi ai i te hua warowaikawa barium kua oti.

③ Tikanga warowaikawa Barium

Ka tauhohehia te paura waro waro ki te tote haukinia hei whakaputa i te tote barium wairewa, ka hangaruatia te haukinia warowaiha. Ka taapirihia te tote paraka wairewa ki te haukinia warowaiha hei whakaheke i te warowaiha parapara parakore, ka tātarihia ka whakamaroke kia mahia te hua. I tua atu, ka taea te hangarua te waipiro whaea. Ko te tauhohenga e whai ake nei:

BaCO3+2HCl=BaCl2+H2O+CO2

BaCl2+2NH4OH=Ba(OH)2+2NH4Cl

Ba(OH)2+CO2=BaCO3+H2O 

(2) Te tikanga whakarite o te barium titanate 

① Tikanga wahanga totoka

Ka taea te tiki mai i te barium titanate ma te calcining barium carbonate me te titanium dioxide, me etahi atu rawa ka taea te whakauru ki roto. Ko te tauhohenga e whai ake nei:

TiO2 + BaCO3 = BaTiO3 + CO2↑

② Tikanga whakaheke

Ko te barium chloride me te titanium tetrachloride ka konatunatua, ka rewa kia rite te nui, ka whakamahana ki te 70°C, katahi ka tapirihia te waikawa oxalic kia topata kia whiwhi ai i te barium titanyl oxalate [BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O] torere, ka horoia, ka whakamarohia, katahi ka titanate te barium. Ko te tauhohenga e whai ake nei:

BaCl2 + TiCl4 + 2H2C2O4 + 5H2O = BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O↓ + 6HCl

BaTiO(C2O4)2•4H2O = BaTiO3 + 2CO2↑ + 2CO↑ + 4H2O

Whai muri i te patuki i te waikawa metatitanic, ka taapirihia he wairewa barium chloride, katahi ka tapirihia te haukinia warowaiha i raro i te whakakorikori ki te whakaputa i te corecipitate o te barium warowaiha me te waikawa metatitanic, ka toka kia whiwhi ai i te hua. Ko te tauhohenga e whai ake nei:

BaCl2 + (NH4)2CO3 = BaCO3 + 2NH4Cl

H2TiO3 + BaCO3 = BaTiO3 + CO2↑ + H2O 

(3) Te whakarite o te barium chloride 

Ko te tukanga whakaputa o te barium chloride te nuinga ko te tikanga waikawa waikawa, te tikanga barium carbonate, te tikanga konupūmā pūhaumāota me te tikanga konupora pūhaumāota e ai ki nga tikanga rereke, rauemi mata ranei.

① Tikanga waikawa pūhaumāota. Ina tukuna te barium sulfide ki te waikawa pūhaumāota, ko te tauhohenga matua ko:

BaS+2HCI=BaCl2+H2S↑+Q